So the actual reason it’s illegal to pick up roadkill in Texas has less to do with the potential toxicity of the animal, and more to do with preventing poaching and later, leprosy!
Back in 2007, Texas made it illegal to pick up roadkill after the Department of Wildlife reported on an illegal trade in endangered Texas reptiles and reptile parts, especially highly endangered Indigo Snakes. Prior to House Bill 12 being passed, it was illegal to collect roadkilled game species like deer, elk and Javelina (Because people would kill them without permits and then claim ‘it ran right out in front of me!“ and it’s a pain to prosecute that and highly enviornmentally damaging). Now in 2007, the same thing was happening with Texas’ endangered bords and reptiles, with people illegally hunting and selling the parts of “roadkill” snakes and birds. So while not the most elegant solution, the Texas state legislature made it illegal to collect ANY roadkilled wildlife for any purpose, so that people selling endangered animals and animal parts could be prosecuted more easily. This has had a positive impact on the populations of many small vertebrates, including the Texas Indigo Snake!
Now, this isn’t a particularly nuanced law and people were considering repealing it until 2016, when there was an outbreak of Leprosy in Florida caused by people exposed to the bodily fluids of nine-banded armadillos after removing roadkill armadillos from their cars without proper protection. Approximately 1 in 6 Armadillos are naturally infected with the bacteria that causes Leprosy, and are also the most common roadkill vertebrate animal in Texas. Since touching a splattered Armadillo is apparently a great way to contract leprosy, Texas has decided to keep it’s No-Touching-The-Roadkill policy in place for the time being.
TL;DR: You’re not allowed to eat the roadkill in Texas because some people were using it as a cover for poaching and also it’s a great way to get leprosy.
@no-visitors does bring up a good point about wildlife toxicity though- While the southeast US has some pretty bad places for pollution, even my environmentally-concious Colorado still has exposed-uranium mine shafts and places with enormous amounts of cyanide left over from the gold rush. Wild animals can carry any number of diseases, parasites and toxic chemicals within them, so you need to be extremely careful with meat you’re not 100% sure of the origins of.
@katy-l-wood you know more about game processing than I do, how would someone go about safely selecting and processing a roadkill animal for human consumption? I imagine you’d only want certain species and as fresh as possible, but are there places to get it tested for disease or chemical contamination?